Texte d' ANNICK BUREAUD........................ Références :
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Bill Viola , "He weeps for you" , 1976
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MovieTexture_AudioClip ( Bill
Viola )
Agregation 2008, Arts, option arts plastiques : Question relative au XXe Siècle : Images hybrides et multimédia , de 1975 à nos jours . Média vient du latin medium qui signifie "moyen", au "milieu", dans tous les sens et utilisations du terme : ésotérique (Madame Irma, medium), mathématique et statistique, outil et instrument (la peinture est un medium de l'art), métaphorique, de communication (la télévision est un medium de communication, le téléphone aussi). ____________________________ |
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Sommaire................ | Intro
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Texte d' ANNICK BUREAUD........................ Références :
.
Bill Viola , "He weeps for you" , 1976
|
MovieTexture_AudioClip ( Bill
Viola )
Agregation 2008, Arts, option arts plastiques : Question relating to XXe Century : Images hybrides et multi-media , from 1975 to our days .
Media come from Latin medium who means “average”, in the “medium”,
in all the directions and uses of the term: esoteric (Mrs Irma, medium),
mathematics and statistics, tool and instrument (painting is a medium
of art), metaphorical, of communication (television is a medium of
communication, the telephone also). Media, in the field which occupies
us, is a means of diffusion, transmission and communication of
information. Information is defined here like a matter, data (whatever
they are), to which one gave a form (stable or not, finished or opened).
Information can thus be artistic, a work. By definition, any
information, very practical artistic A need for media. MEDIAE The word
media indicates two things today: media of mass and media numerical
and electronic. # the media of mass, presses, television and radio.
When we say “the media” in the language running, it is well with
the media of mass that we refer. They show four basic characteristics:
- the communication is there of “worms several”; - the
communication is one-way: the recipient of information does not have
almost any means of becoming transmitting in the same medium, of share
the nature even of this one. One can note efforts on behalf of the
transmitters to include the word of the recipient: letters to the
Editor in the newspaper industry, television games “interactive”,
[1] In France, one of the oldest interactive play goes back to the
Sixties where a person, on the plate of television, drew with an arc
the bandaged eyes. The indications to reach the target was given to
him by a televiewer on the telephone. questions of the listeners to
the radio and on television, participation of the public in certain
emissions, etc In all the cases it is the transmitter which decides
which, among the recipients, will say what, when, where and how; -
information is undifferentiated: everyone receives the same thing at
the same time. On television, the simultaneity of the temporality of
the reception from now on is deteriorated by the use of the video tape
recorders; - information is linear and proceeds according to preset
sequences'. # numerical and electronic media, resting on the computer
and data processing, and “new communication and information
technologies”, the NTIC. The term becomes vaguer here, covering with
realities and the different practices in their nature and their
structure, often mixing supports and media. When one speaks “about
art of the new media” or “multi-media” art, it is with this
definition of the word “media” that we refer. MEDIUM-MEDIA Logic
would like that we write medium in the singular and media in the
plural, without accent and “S”, respecting the Latin orthography,
as for all the other words in Latin used in French. What was the case
until recently. In the Sixties, the word finds a vitality with the
explosion of the mass media or media of mass and the development of
the technological media. This effervescence and its effects on the
company and art are the subject of speech and theoretical analyses of
which most famous are certainly those of Marshall McLuhan. By
abbreviation, the media term supplanted that of “media of mass”.
Gradually plural “media” replaced the singular “medium”.
Lastly, the accents and the “S” supplemented this orthographical
slip to become today media, media. The use remains fluctuating. If
current convention (media, media) dominates, all the orthographies are
found. Latin convention is more present in the old texts and texts of
the theoretical and aesthetic research. One finds even very pretty
“médiums” and that does not indicate a meeting of indicators
extralucides! Let us note finally that only French of France
associates the “media” adjective the media of mass.
French-speaking Canadian speaks thus about media art without
indicating for as much an artistic practice encensée - or canted by
those.
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Contents................ | Intro |